It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase -LDH- in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid have a higher melting point. DL-lactic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point which is around 17 or 18 ☌. A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-lactic acid, or racemic lactic acid. One is known as L-+-lactic acid or -S-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-−-lactic acid or -R-lactic acid. Lactic acid is chiral, consisting of two optical isomers. This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group. Compared to acetic acid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid deprotonates ten times more easily than acetic acid does. In solution, it can ionize a proton from the carboxyl group, producing the lactate ion CH3CH-OH-CO−2. In the form of its conjugate base called lactate, it plays a role in several biochemical processes. With a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group, lactic acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid -AHA. It is produced both naturally and synthetically. In its solid state, it is white and water-soluble.

Lactic acid: Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH-OH-COOH.

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